Caibidil a Trí: The Verb (an Briathar)Irregular Verbs (na Briathra Neamhrialta) |
tabhair = give |
Various stems in the present, preterite, imperfect (stem tug) in future, conditional and 2nd person singular imperative (stem tabhar), no special dependent forms
indicative | imperative | conditional | subjunctive | |||||
present | preterite | imperfect | future | present | preterite | |||
1st pers. sg. | tugaim | thug mé | thugainn | tabharfaidh mé | tugaim | thabharfainn | go dtuga mé | dá dtugainn |
2nd pers. sg. | tugann tú | thug tú | thugtá | tabharfaidh tú | tabhair | thabharfá | go dtuga tú | dá dtugtá |
3rd pers. sg. | tugann sé | thug sé | thugadh sé | tabharfaidh sé | tugadh sé | thabharfadh sé | go dtuga sé | dá dtugadh sé |
1st pers. pl. | tugaimid | thugamar | thugaimis | tabharfaimid | tugaimis | thabharfaimis | go dtugimid | dá dtugaimis |
2nd pers. pl. | tugann sibh | thug sibh | thugadh sibh | tabharfaidh sibh | tugaigí | thabharfadh sibh | go dtuga sibh | dá dtugadh sibh |
3rd pers. pl. | tugann siad | thug siad | thugaidís | tabharfaidh siad | tugaidís | thabharfaidís | go dtuga siad | dá dtugaidís |
autonomous | tugtar | tugadh | thugtaí | tabharfar | tugtar | thabharfaí | go dtugtar | dá dtugtaí |
Derivatives
verbal noun | tabhairt | |
genitive of the verbal noun | substantiv. | tabhartha |
infinitive | tabhartha | |
verbal adjective | tugtha |
Older forms
Earlier, dependent forms were more common in the present: tabhraim, tabhrann sé, etc. as opposed to absolute forms (do-)bheirim, (do-)bheireann sé (auch bheir sé, ohne -eann) This is true as well in the future und conditional about the dependent: tiubhraidh/tiobhraidh sé and absolute: (do-)bheurfaidh/(do-)bhéarfaidh sé and in the imperfect: dependent: tabhrainn, tabhradh sé, absolute: (do-)bheirinn, (do-)bheireadh sé
in Munster and Ulster these are, in part, still in use.
dependent | absolute | |
present | tabhrann | (do-)bheir(eann) |
imperfect | tabhradh | (do-)bheireadh |
future | tiobhraidh tabharfaidh | (do-)bhéarfaidh |
conditional | tiobhradh tabharfadh | (do-)bhéarfadh |
tabhair stems from the verb beir through an affixing of the preposition do = to . This is recognizable on its aforementioned older absolute forms. In the dependent form, tabhair took the mutation on of do- to ta- , because it is a prototonic form (stress on the 1st syllable), as opposed to a deuterotonic do-bheir (stress on the 2nd syllable: bheir).
The forms ending in tabhar/tabhair are most [to:r]/[to:r'], also spoken [tor] (e.g. tabhair dhom é = give it to me! [tor'@m e:])