Caibidil a Trí: The Verb (An Briathar)the verbal adjective (an Aidiacht Bhriathartha) |
final sound | form | example |
d, l, n, s, t, th | verb stem + ta / te | glan - glanta, bris - briste, goid - goidte**, ith - ite |
b, c, f, g, m, p, r | verb stem + tha / the | fág - fágtha, gearr - gearrtha |
bh, mh | verb stem (without bh, mh) + fa* | scríobh - scríofa, snámh - snáfa |
igh | verb stem (without -gh) + te | nigh - nite, léigh - léite, dóigh - dóite |
b, g are devoiced by the suffix -tha, -the: -btha [-p@], -gtha [k@].
* -fa is the simplified spelling for *bhtha / *mhtha e.g.: scríobh - *scríobhtha > scríofa
** -dta is pronounced [-t@] (this original form was most likely -dtha)
verbs of the 2nd conjugation:
final sound | form | example |
igh | verb stem (without -gh) + the | salaigh - salaithe, coinnigh - coinnithe |
il | verb stem + te | oscail - oscailte |
in | verb stem* + ta | consain - consanta |
ir | verb stem* + tha | imir - imeartha |
im | verb stem* + tha | foghlaim - foghlamtha |
ing | verb stem + the | tuirling - tuirlingthe |
* Depalatalisation of the verb stem (imir becomes imeartha, foghlaim becomes foghlamtha)
il, ir, in: Here also, the form ending in igh is possible: e.g. oscail - osclaithe instead of oscailte
participle of ease (rangabháil na fusachta):
so- = "easily" e.g: sobhriste = fragile, soshábhála = easily rescued
participle of difficulty (rangabháil na deacrachta):
do- = "difficult, impossible " e.g.: dobhriste = unbreakable, doshábhála = unrescuable
participle of suitability (rangabháil na hoiriúnachta):
in- = "possible" e.g.: inbhriste = breakable, inite = edible, insábhála = rescuable
These 3 participles can (less commonly) also be formed out of normal nouns (in the genitive form):
so-: so-iompair = carryable, sotheagaisc = teachable
do-: doláin = unfillable, dofhaisnéise = indescribable, doleithscéil = inexcusable, do-amhrais = undoubtedly
in-: intráchta = passable, inairm = appropriate, to be armed, inrúin = capable, to keep a secret
participle of comparison (rangabháil na comparáide)
The prefix in- can act as the participle of comparison with the genitive of nouns.
In this case a partner of comparison is included with le.
It is an extension of the participle of suitability : (in ... le = as possible... as). A degree of equation is made (equative):
e.g.: Níl sí incheoil le Pól = She can't make music like Paul can
Ní raibh aon fhear inchamáin le Pól = There was no man who was as able with the hurley stick as Paul.