Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)

ó = from, since

Case

ó requires the dative.

Initial Mutations after ó

without the article: lenition e.g. ó Chiarraí = from Kerrry
with the singular article: eclipsis e.g. ón nGearmáin = from Germany
- only in Munster, d, t is also eclipsed
- in Connacht t-prefix preceding a femin. noun with s-: ón tsúil = from an eye
- in Ulster, lenition: ón Ghearmáin = from Germany

Interrogative

Cé / cad uaidh = from whom, from what?

Combined with the article

ó + an (preceding a consonant): ón
ó + na: ó na

Combined with personal pronounes and possessive pronouns

-	general	contrast form	translation	possessive pron.	translation
I	uaim	uaimse	from me	ó mo	from my
you	uait	uaitse	from you	ó do	from your
he	uaidh	uaidhsean	from him	óna	from hus
she	uaithi	uaithise	from her	óna	from her
we	uainn	uainne	from us	ónár	from our
you(pl)	uaibh	uaibhse	from you	ó bhur	from your
they	uathu	uathusan	from them	óna	from their

Combined with the indir. relative pronoun and with the indir. relative form of the copula

tense	relative part. (ó + a/ar)	copular form (ó + ar)	copular form preceding a vowel	translation
present	óna	ónar	ónarb	from him/her/it
preterite	ónar	ónar	ónarbh	from him/her/it

Combined with the numeral particle a

ó + a

óna

e.g. óna trí go dtí a hocht a chlóg = from 3-8 O'clock

Use

spatial point of origin: from: tar ón bposta = come from the mail
temporal starting point: from / since : ón Nollaig = since Christmas, ó mhaidin = since this morning, ó Lá Fhéile Eoin amach = from St. John's Eve on ,
also as a conjunction since: ó bhí sí tinn = since she was sick
applied point of origin: from: litir uait = a letter from you, cabhair ó chairde = help from friends
origin of, from fear ó Thrá Lí = a man from Tralee
distance from: míle uaidh = a mile away (from)
distance / loss / absence : Is cuma liom agam nó uaim é = I don't care if I have it or not, is fearr d'fhear bean chéile uaidh = a man without a wife is better off ;-)
out of : bí ó bhaol = out of danger
limit: from ...on: ó 10 míle suas = from 10 miles upwards, ó cúig phunt go deich bpunt = from 5 to 10 pounds
reason: bodhar ó thorann = deaf from the noise, tuirseach ó shiúil = tired from walking
with adjectives: deas uait = nice of you, maith uainn = good of us
with adjective: is breá uait = do (sth.) well
needs need, want : tá + object + ó + subject, or teastíonn + object + ó + subject, or tá + object + ag teastáil + ó + subject: tá spóirt uaim (also teastaíonn spóirt uaim) = I want to have fun, tá bainne uait (teastíonn bainne uait) = you need milk, teastíonn uaim labhairt leat = I want to speak to you
from ....to(ó...go): ó thús go deireadh = from beginning to end, ó lá go lá = from day to day, óna hocht go dtí a naoi = from 8-9, ó am go ham =from time to time
with numbers: less, minus (note the reverse order as in English or German!): a dó óna trí sin a haon = 3 - 2 = 1 (lit: "2 from the 3 that-is 1")

suas

prepositions
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