Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)
faoi = under, about
|
Case
faoi requires the dative
Variations
faoi is the Connacht- and standard form
fé (in Munster),
fá (old standard form), less common also fó,
fí
in Ulster both faoi (in the sense of "under") and fá (in the sense of "over","above") are in use
Initial Mutations
-
without the article: lenition
-
with the article: eclipsis (except d, t) e.g.: faoin mbord = under the table
- only in Munster, also d,t eclipses
- in Connacht t-prefix precedes femin. nouns with s-: faoin tsúil = under the eye
- in Ulster, always lenition: faoin bhord
Interrogative:
-
cé/cad faoi + indirect relative clause = under what?
Combined with the article
-
faoi + an = faoin
-
faoi + na = faoi na
Combined with personal pronouns and possessive pronouns:
- |
personal pron. |
contrast form |
translation |
possessive pron. |
translation |
I |
fúm |
fúmsa |
under me |
faoi mo |
under my |
you |
fút |
fútsa |
under you |
faoi do |
under your |
he |
faoi |
faoisean |
under him |
faoina |
under his |
she |
fúithi |
fúithise |
under her |
faoina |
under her |
we |
fúinn |
fúinne |
under us |
faoinár |
under our |
you(pl) |
fúibh |
fúibhse |
under euch |
faoi bhur |
under your |
they |
fúthu |
fúthusan |
under them |
faoina |
under their |
Combined with the indirect relative particle a and with the indirect relative form of the copula
tense |
relative part.
faoi + a/ar |
copular form
faoi + ar |
copular form
preceding a vowel |
translation |
present |
faoina |
faoinar |
faoinarb |
under him/her/it |
preterite |
faoinar |
faoinar |
faoinarbh |
under him/her/it |
e.g.:cathaoir faoina bhfuil mo leabhar = the chair under which my book is (instead of more common: cathaoir a bhfuil mo leabhar faoi) ; an creann faoina raibh fás = the tree that grew ("the tree, under which growth was ")
Use:
-
spatial: under: faoin gcathaoir = under the chair
-
contact: against: faoin mballa = against the wall
-
motion: walking , hurry, growth, etc.: tá siúl fúm = I walk fast, tá fuadar fút = you're in a hurry, tá fás faoin gcrann = the tree grows
-
intent: Tá fúm... = I intend... e.g.: tá fút teacht = you intend to come
-
topic, occasion: about: caint faoi ... = speak about, imni faoi... = worry about, áthas faoi...= joy over..., brón faoi ... = sorrow over
-
approximate timepoint : around faoi Nollaig = around Christmastide
- with numbers: times: faoi dhó = two times, faoi sé = six times ,
also in arithmetic: a trí faoina ceathair sin a dó dhéag = three times four is twelve
-
Expressions: faoi bhrón = sad
suas
prepositions
Gramadach na Gaeilge
© Lars Bräsicke 1999/2000
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