Caibidil a Trí: das Verb (an Briathar)
Echo forms |
In Connacht und Ulster synthetic verb suffixes are used, mostly only in uses generally known as "echo forms " :
- short questions at the end of a sentence
e.g.: Ghlan tú an carr, a Sheáin, nár ghlanais? = You did wash the car, Seán, no?
- short answers (instead of the non-existant yes/no)
e.g.: Ar ghlan tú an carr, a Sheáin? - Ghlanas. = Did you wash the car, Seán? - Yes.
- affirmative or negative short comments
e.g.: Mhuise, rinneas! = Oh yeah, I did that!
they are not used if longer answers (with an object) are to follow:
e.g.: Nár ghlan tú an carr? - Ach ghlan mé é! = Haven't you washed the car? - But I have washed it!
In Munster, synthetic verb suffixes appear also aside from the echo forms.
1st conjugation, broad final stem sound
- |
present |
preterite |
future |
I |
-aim |
-as |
-fad |
you |
-air/-ainns |
-ais |
-fair/-fais |
I clean |
glanaim |
ghlanas |
glanfad |
you clean |
glanair/glanainns |
ghlanais |
glanfair/glanfais |
1st conjugation, slender final stem sound
- |
present |
preterite |
future |
I |
-im |
-eas |
-fead |
you |
-ir/-inns |
-is |
-fir/-fis |
I understand |
tuigim |
thuigeas |
tuigfead |
you understand |
tuigir/tuiginns |
thuigis |
tuigfir/tuigfis |
2nd conjugation, broad final stem sound
- |
present |
preterite |
future |
I |
-aím |
-aíos |
-ód |
you |
-aír/-aínns |
-aís |
-óir/-óis |
I soil |
salaím |
shalaíos |
salód |
you soil |
salaír/salaínns |
shalaís |
salóir/salóis |
2nd conjugation, slender final stem sound
- |
present |
preterite |
future |
I |
-ím |
-íos |
-eod |
you |
-ír/-ínns |
-ís |
-eoir/-eois |
I maintain |
coinním |
choinníos |
coinneod |
you maintain |
coinnír/coinnínns |
choinnís |
coinneoir/coinneois |
bí = to be
- |
present |
habit. present |
preterite |
future |
I am |
táim |
bím |
bhíos |
b(eidh)ead |
you are |
táir/táis |
bír/bínns |
bhís |
beir/beidhis |
I am not |
nílim |
ní bhím |
ní rabhas |
ní bh(eidh)ead |
you are not |
nílir/nílis |
ní bhír/bhínns |
ní rabhais |
ní bheir/bheidhis |
am I? |
an bhfuilim |
an mbím |
an rabhas |
an mb(eidh)ead |
are you? |
an bhfuilir/bhfuilis |
an mbír/mbínns |
an rabhais |
an mbeir/mbeidhis |
déan = make, do
- |
present |
preterite |
future |
I do |
déanaim |
rinneas |
déanfad |
you do |
déanair/déanainns |
rinnis |
déanfair/déanfais |
I do not |
ní dhéanaim |
ní dhearnas |
ní dhéanfad |
you do not |
ní dhéanair/dhéanainns |
ní dhearnais |
ní dhéanfair/dhéanfais |
do I? |
an ndéanaim |
an ndearnas |
an ndéanfad |
do you? |
an ndéanair/ndéanainns |
an ndearnais |
an ndéanfair/ndéanfais |
Forms of the 2nd person present ending in -(a)ir are the traditional and original forms, and are especially found in Munster. Forms ending in -(a)inns are more used in Connacht. Forms of the 2nd pers. future ending in -f(a)ir are then again traditional and are used in Munster, in Connacht both -f(a)ir and -f(a)is.
In Connacht, also forms ending in -(a)ir occur in the preterite of the 2nd person.
verbs
Gramadach na Gaeilge
© Lars Bräsicke 2000
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